Debonding and Fracture Behavior of Concrete Specimens Retrofitted by FRP Composite

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 M.Sc. Student, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

The effects of FRP retrofitted concrete specimens with couple of notches on the fracture behavior have been investigated during an experimental and analytical test program in this study. This paper represents the fracture characteristics and parameters for three point bending tests on two distinguish retrofitted and plain condition for both intact and notched (couple notches) specimens. The experimental test results find out in the laboratory tests indicated that for intact concrete specimens, there would be approximately 285% increase in ultimate flexural strength tests. The experimental results also represents that for the tested couple notched concrete specimens, there might be approximately 318% increase in ultimate flexural strength. Based on the analytical study, it is found that the near failure behavior of the notched specimens have been significantly improved using FRP retrofit of such specimens. The system`s global energy balance and failure load prediction of FRP debonding are the couple of consideration by a developed fracture mechanics based model which made by energy dissipation major mechanisms characterizing while debonding. Model verification is provided using previous researches experimental data from literature. In addition, fracture mechanics parameters were found out for three point bending test in this paper for better understanding on fracture behavior and fracture properties of intended specimens.

Highlights

Google Scholar

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1]      Gunes O, Buyukozturk O, Karaca E. A fracture-based model for FRP debonding in strengthened beams. Eng Fract Mech 2009;76:1897–909. doi:10.1016/j.engfracmech.2009.04.011.
[2]      Kaiser HP. Strengthening of reinforced concrete with epoxy-bonded carbon-fiber plastics. Dr Thesis, Diss ETH 1989.
[3]      Meier U. Strengthening of structures using carbon fibre/epoxy composites. Constr Build Mater 1995;9:341–51. doi:10.1016/0950-0618(95)00071-2.
[4]      Buyukozturk O, Hearing B. Failure Behavior of Precracked Concrete Beams Retrofitted with FRP. J Compos Constr 1998;2:138–44. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(1998)2:3(138).
[5]      ACI 440, Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening concrete structures, ACI 440.2R-02, American Concrete Institute, 2002 n.d.
[6]      ACI 440, Report on fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement for concrete structures, ACI 440.R-07, American Concrete Institute, 2007 n.d.
[7]      Oehlers DJ. FRP Plates Adhesively Bonded to Reinforced Concrete Beams: Generic Debonding Mechanisms. Adv Struct Eng 2006;9:737–50. doi:10.1260/136943306779369482.
[8]      Buyukozturk O, Gunes O, Karaca E. Progress on understanding debonding problems in reinforced concrete and steel members strengthened using FRP composites. Constr Build Mater 2004;18:9–19. doi:10.1016/S0950-0618(03)00094-1.
[9]      Teng JG, Chen J-F, Smith ST, Lam L. FRP: strengthened RC structures. 2002.
[10]    Gunes O. A fracture based approach to understanding debonding in FRP bonded structural members. 2004.
[11]     Achintha PMM, Burgoyne CJ. Fracture Mechanics of Plate Debonding. J Compos Constr 2008;12:396–404. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2008)12:4(396).
[12]    Neto P, Alfaiate J, Dias-da-Costa D, Vinagre J. Mixed-mode fracture and load misalignment on the assessment of FRP-concrete bond connections. Compos Struct 2016;135:49–60. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.08.139.
[13]    De Lorenzis L, Zavarise G. Modeling of mixed-mode debonding in the peel test applied to superficial reinforcements. Int J Solids Struct 2008;45:5419–36. doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.05.024.
[14]    Bažant ZP, Pfeiffer PA. Shear fracture tests of concrete. Mater Struct 1986;19:111.
[15]    Ozbolt J, Reinhardt HW, Xu S. Numerical studies on the double-edge notched mode II geometry. Proc Fram 1998;2:773–82.
[16]    Täljsten B. Plate bonding: Strengthening of existing concrete structures with epoxy bonded plates of steel or fibre reinforced plastics 1994.
[17]    Armanios EA. Interlaminar Fracture in Graphite/Epoxy Composites. Key Eng Mater 1991;37:85–102. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.37.85.
[18]    J.Ivens, M.Wevers, I.Verpoest, P.Albertsen, M.Peters. Interlaminar fracture toughness of CFRP influenced by fibre surface treatment: Part 2: modelling ofthe interface effect. Compos Sci Technol 1995;54:147–159.
[19]    Albertsen J, Ivens P, Peters M, Wevers I, Verpoest. Interlaminar fracture toughness of CFRP influenced by fibre surface treatment: Part 1: Experimentalresults. Compos Sci Technol 1995;54:33–45.
[20]    Iwamoto M, Ni Q-Q, Fujiwara T, Kurashiki K. Intralaminar fracture mechanism in unidirectional CFRP composites: Part I: Intralaminar toughness and AE characteristics. Eng Fract Mech 1999;64:721–45. doi:10.1016/S0013-7944(99)00096-X.
[21]    Rikards R. Interlaminar fracture behaviour of laminated composites. Comput Struct 2000;76:11–8. doi:10.1016/S0045-7949(99)00148-0.
[22]    Haj-Ali R, Kilic H. Nonlinear constitutive models for pultruded FRP composites. Mech Mater 2003;35:791–801. doi:10.1016/S0167-6636(02)00207-7.
[23]    Liu W, Feng P, Huang J. Bilinear softening model and double K fracture criterion for quasi-brittle fracture of pultruded FRP composites. Compos Struct 2017;160:1119–25. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.10.134.
[24]    Hutchinson JW, Suo Z. Mixed Mode Cracking in Layered Materials, 1991, p. 63–191. doi:10.1016/S0065-2156(08)70164-9.
[25]    Karihaloo BL. Fracture mechanics & structural concrete. Longman Sci Tech 1995.
[26]    Achintha M, Burgoyne C. fracture energy of the concrete–FRP interface in strengthened beams. Eng Fract Mech 2013;110:38–51. doi:10.1016/j.engfracmech.2013.07.016.
[27]    Oehlers DJ, Mohamed Ali MS, Haskett M, Lucas W, Muhamad R, Visintin P. FRP-Reinforced Concrete Beams: Unified Approach Based on IC Theory. J Compos Constr 2011;15:293–303. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000173.
[28]    ASTMC29, Standard Test Method for Bulk Density and Voids in Aggregate, ASTM Inter., West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2009 n.d.
[29]    Ross CA, Jerome DM, Tedesco JW, Hughes ML. Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with externally bonded composite laminates. Struct J 1999;96:212–20.
[30]    Quantrill RJ, Hollaway LC, Thorne AM. Experimental and analytical investigation of FRP strengthened beam response: Part I. Mag Concr Res 1996;48:331–42. doi:10.1680/macr.1996.48.177.331.
[31]    R.Jones, R.N.Swamy, A.Charif. Plate separation and anchorage of RC beams strengthened by epoxy-bonded steel plates. Struct Eng 1988;66:85–94.
[32]    Garden HN, Quantrill RJ, Hollaway LC, Thorne AM, Parke GAR. An experimental study of the anchorage length of carbon fibre composite plates used to strengthen reinforced concrete beams. Constr Build Mater 1998;12:203–19. doi:10.1016/S0950-0618(98)00002-6.
[33]    Fanning PJ, Kelly O. Ultimate Response of RC Beams Strengthened with CFRP Plates. J Compos Constr 2001;5:122–7. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2001)5:2(122).
[34]    Nguyen DM, Chan TK, Cheong HK. Brittle Failure and Bond Development Length of CFRP-Concrete Beams. J Compos Constr 2001;5:12–7. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2001)5:1(12).
[35]    Gustafsson PJ, Hillerborg A. Improvements in Concrete Design Achieved Through the Application of Fracture Mechanics. Appl. Fract. Mech. to Cem. Compos., Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 1985, p. 667–80. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5121-1_24.
[36]    Guinea G V., Planas J, Elices M. A general bilinear fit for the softening curve of concrete. Mater Struct 1994;27:99–105. doi:10.1007/BF02472827.
[37]    Reinhardt HW. Crack softening zone in plain concrete under static loading. Cem Concr Res 1985;15:42–52. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(85)90007-9.
[38]    Bažant ZP, Becq-Giraudon E. Statistical prediction of fracture parameters of concrete and implications for choice of testing standard. Cem Concr Res 2002;32:529–56. doi:10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00723-2.
[39]    Roylance D. Introduction to fracture mechanics 2001.
[40]    Bazant ZP. Fracture mechanics of concrete structures. Proc First Int Conf Fract Mech Concr Struct Held Beaver Run Resort, Breckenridge,Colorado, USA 1992.
[41]    Emami MR, Abbaszadeh H. A comparison between intact and damaged compressive concrete specimens retrofitted by CFRP composites. 4th Natl Conf Civ Eng Archit Urban Manag Tehran, Iran 2017.