Characterisation and Use of Cassava Peel Ash in Concrete Production

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Civil Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P. M. B. 7267, Umuahia 440109, Abia State, Nigeria

Abstract

In this work, the utilization of cassava-peel-ash (CPA) which is an agricultural solid waste derivative as a supplementary-cementitous-materials in the production of concrete is carried out in this study; this is essential because it enhances the re-use and re-cycling of solid wastes and its derivatives which will help in achieving eco-efficient, eco-friendly and sustainable engineered infrastructure. The CPA is used to replace specified ratio of cement ranging from 0% to 40% at the hydration period of 3, 7, 28, 60 and 90days respectively to obtain a concrete mixture of coarse and fine aggregates, water, cement and CPA. The Characterization is of CPA is evaluated with respect to the physicochemical properties of CPA and mechanical properties of the concrete mix at fresh or hardened state. The results of compressive strength for 5%-replacement range from 12.56N/mm2 to 33.26N/mm2 for the varying hydration periods as against 13.93N/mm2 to 35.23N/mm2 for the control-test (0%-replacement). The result of flexural strength for 5%-replacement range from 3.33N/mm2 to 15.17N/mm2 for the varying hydration periods as against 4.67N/mm2 to 16.80N/mm2 for the control. The mechanical properties results indicate that lower strength is obtained at early hydration periods but the strength increases with longer hydration period; while the strength decreases with increased ratio of the CPA. The pozzolanic-activity-index (PAI) of CPA is 75.8% which is an indication that it has high pozzolanic properties. From the results, the optimum combination level of 5%-10% replacement of the cement by CPA can be used to produce a better and more desirable concrete.

Highlights

Google Scholar

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1]      Shafigh P, Mahmud H Bin, Jumaat MZ, Zargar M. Agricultural wastes as aggregate in concrete mixtures – A review. Constr Build Mater 2014;53:110–7. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.074.
[2]      Lothenbach B, Scrivener K, Hooton RD. Supplementary cementitious materials. Cem Concr Res 2011;41:1244–56. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.12.001.
[3]      Onyelowe K, Salahudeen AB, Eberemu A, Ezugwu C, Amhadi T, Alaneme G, et al. Utilization of Solid Waste Derivative Materials in Soft Soils Re-engineering, 2020, p. 49–57. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34199-2_3.
[4]      Salau MA, Ikponmwosa EE, Olonode KA. Structural Strength Characteristics of Cement-Cassava Peel Ash Blended Concrete. Civ Environ Res 2012;2:68–77.
[5]      Rahhal V, Talero R. Calorimetry of Portland cement with metakaolins, quartz and gypsum additions. J Therm Anal Calorim 2008;91:825–34.
[6]      Alaneme George U, Mbadike Elvis M. Optimization of flexural strength of palm nut fibre concrete using Scheffe’s theory. Mater Sci Energy Technol 2019;2:272–87. doi:10.1016/j.mset.2019.01.006.
[7]      Massazza F. Pozzolana and pozzolanic cements. Lea’s Chem Cem Concr 1998;4:471–631.
[8]      Mikulčić H, Klemeš JJ, Vujanović M, Urbaniec K, Duić N. Reducing greenhouse gasses emissions by fostering the deployment of alternative raw materials and energy sources in the cleaner cement manufacturing process. J Clean Prod 2016;136:119–32. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.145.
[9]      Ofuyatan OM, Ede AN, Olofinnade OM, Oyebisi SO, Alayande T, Ogundipe J. Assessment of strength properties of cassava peel ash-concrete. Int J Civ Eng Technol 2018;9:965–74.
[10]    Hewayde E, Nehdi ML, Allouche E, Nakhla G. Using concrete admixtures for sulphuric acid resistance. Proc Inst Civ Eng - Constr Mater 2007;160:25–35. doi:10.1680/coma.2007.160.1.25.
[11]     Benezet J., Benhassaine A. Grinding and pozzolanic reactivity of quartz powders. Powder Technol 1999;105:167–71. doi:10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00133-3.
[12]    BS EN 196-5:1996, Methods of testing Cement. Pozzolanicity test for pozzolanic cements, British Standards Institute, 389 Chiswick high Road, London, W4 4AL. n.d.
[13]    ASTM specification C618 – 78. “Specification for fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use as a mineral admixture in Portland Cement Concrete”. n.d.
[14]    ALANEME GU, Mbadike E. Modelling of The Compressive Strength of Palm-Nut-Fibre Concrete Using Scheffe’s Theory. Comput Eng Phys Model 2020;3:31–40.
[15]    ASTM C191 Standard test method for time of setting of hydraulic cement by Vicat needle. n.d.
[16]    Chappex T, Scrivener K. Alkali fixation of C–S–H in blended cement pastes and its relation to alkali silica reaction. Cem Concr Res 2012;42:1049–54. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.03.010.
[17]    Alaneme George U, Mbadike Elvis M. Modelling of the mechanical properties of concrete with cement ratio partially replaced by aluminium waste and sawdust ash using artificial neural network. SN Appl Sci 2019;1:1514. doi:10.1007/s42452-019-1504-2.
[18]    Mbadike EM, Ogbonna C, Nwokeke K. Effect of Cassava Peel Ash on Lateric Soil Stablized with Bitumen 2016;95:41109–12.
[19]    Owolabi TA, Popoola OO, Wasiu J. The Study of Compressive Strength on Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement With Cassava Peel Ash. Acad Arena 2015;7:1–4.
[20]    Ikponmwosa EE, Olonade KA. Shrinkage Characteristics of Cassava Peel Ash Concrete. Pacific J Sci Technol 2017;18:23–32.