Numerical Analysis of Reverse Dip-slip Fault Rupture on Steel Buildings

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Tabari Institute of Higher Education, Babol, Iran

2 M.Sc., Department of Engineering, Tabari Institute of Higher Education, Babol, Iran

Abstract

In seismic events, rupture resulted from the earthquake causes two types of ground deformation, namely, the permanent pseudo-static deviations on fault and transient dynamic fluctuations away from fault. Fault rupture extends in soil through bedrock and makes various concerns for structures made by human. On this basis, we examined reverse fault effect on ground-level buildings using numerical analysis and ABAQUS finite-element software. In this regard, some types of buildings were placed on ground near to fault and fault route angle was examined in the presence and absence of building in two layers of soil with different densities. Finally, vertical deformation of ground, horizontal strain of ground, lateral displacement of building, and bending moment of structure were examined beneath fault effect. Results reveal that fault route angle depends on soil layer material, and horizontal strain resulted from fault effect on ground increases by placing building. However, vertical displacement of ground will decrease by placing overhead (building) and the highest part of fault effect will be on columns of first floor.

Highlights

Google Scholar

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1]      Dong J., Wang C., Lee C., Liao J., Pan Y. The influence of surface ruptures on building damage in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake: a case study in Fengyuan City. Eng Geol 2004;71:157–79. doi:10.1016/S0013-7952(03)00131-5.
[2]      Papadimitriou EE, Karakostas VG, Papazachos BC. Rupture zones in the area of the 17.08. 99 Izmit (NW Turkey) large earthquake (Mw 7.4) and stress changes caused by its generation. J Seismol 2001;5:269–76.
[3]      Anastasopoulos I, Gazetas G. Foundation–structure systems over a rupturing normal fault: Part I. Observations after the Kocaeli 1999 earthquake. Bull Earthq Eng 2007;5:253–75. doi:10.1007/s10518-007-9029-2.
[4]      Bray JD. Developing mitigation measures for the hazards associated with earthquake surface fault rupture. Work. Seism. fault-induced Fail. remedies damage to urban Facil. Univ. Tokyo Press, 2001, p. 55–79.
[5]      Faccioli E, Anastasopoulos I, Gazetas G, Callerio A, Paolucci R. Fault rupture–foundation interaction: selected case histories. Bull Earthq Eng 2008;6:557–83. doi:10.1007/s10518-008-9089-y.
[6]      Mortazavi Zanjani M, Soroush A, Khoshini M. Two-dimensional numerical modeling of fault rupture propagation through earth dams under steady state seepage. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 2016;88:60–71. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.05.012.
[7]      Rasouli H, Fatahi B. Geofoam blocks to protect buried pipelines subjected to strike-slip fault rupture. Geotext Geomembranes 2020;48:257–74. doi:10.1016/j.geotexmem.2019.11.011.
[8]      Cole DA, Lade P V. Influence Zones in Alluvium Over Dipā€Slip Faults. J Geotech Eng 1984;110:599–615. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1984)110:5(599).
[9]      Bray JD, Seed RB, Seed HB. Analysis of Earthquake Fault Rupture Propagation through Cohesive Soil. J Geotech Eng 1994;120:562–80. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1994)120:3(562).
[10]    Lee J-C, Rubin C, Mueller K, Chen Y-G, Chan Y-C, Sieh K, et al. Quantitative analysis of movement along an earthquake thrust scarp: a case study of a vertical exposure of the 1999 surface rupture of the Chelungpu fault at Wufeng, Western Taiwan. J Asian Earth Sci 2004;23:263–73. doi:10.1016/S1367-9120(03)00122-6.
[11]     LEE JW, HAMADA M. An experimental study on earthquake fault rupture propagation through a sandy soil deposit. Struct Eng / Earthq Eng 2005;22:1s-13s. doi:10.2208/jsceseee.22.1s.
[12]    Garcia FE, Bray JD. Distinct element simulations of earthquake fault rupture through materials of varying density. Soils Found 2018;58:986–1000. doi:10.1016/j.sandf.2018.05.009.
[13]    Yi J, Yang H, Li J. Experimental and numerical study on isolated simply-supported bridges subjected to a fault rupture. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 2019;127:105819. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105819.
[14]    MOUSAVI SM, Jafari MK, Kamalian M, SHAFIEI A. Experimental investigation of reverse fault rupture-rigid shallow foundation interaction 2010.
[15]    Oettle NK, Bray JD. Geotechnical Mitigation Strategies for Earthquake Surface Fault Rupture. J Geotech Geoenvironmental Eng 2013;139:1864–74. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000933.
[16]    Anastasopoulos I, Callerio A, Bransby MF, Davies MCR, Nahas A El, Faccioli E, et al. Numerical analyses of fault–foundation interaction. Bull Earthq Eng 2008;6:645–75. doi:10.1007/s10518-008-9078-1.
[17]    Baziar MH, Nabizadeh A, Jabbary M. Numerical modeling of interaction between dip-slip fault and shallow foundation. Bull Earthq Eng 2015;13:1613–32. doi:10.1007/s10518-014-9690-1.
[18]    Hazeghian M, Soroush A. Numerical modeling of dip-slip faulting through granular soils using DEM. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 2017;97:155–71. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.03.021.
[19]    Lin M-L, Chung C-F, Jeng F-S. Deformation of overburden soil induced by thrust fault slip. Eng Geol 2006;88:70–89. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.08.004.
[20]    Johansson J, Konagai K. Fault induced permanent ground deformations: Experimental verification of wet and dry soil, numerical findings’ relation to field observations of tunnel damage and implications for design. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 2007;27:938–56. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2007.01.007.
[21]    Mortazavi Zanjani M, Soroush A. Numerical modelling of fault rupture propagation through layered sands. Eur J Environ Civ Eng 2019;23:1139–55. doi:10.1080/19648189.2017.1344148.
[22]    Anastasopoulos I, Gazetas G. Analysis of cut-and-cover tunnels against large tectonic deformation. Bull Earthq Eng 2010;8:283–307. doi:10.1007/s10518-009-9135-4.
[23]    Bransby MF, Davies MCR, El Nahas A, Nagaoka S. Centrifuge modelling of reverse fault–foundation interaction. Bull Earthq Eng 2008;6:607–28. doi:10.1007/s10518-008-9080-7.